Vector graphics are digital art that is rendered by a computer using a mathematical formula. Raster images are made up of tiny pixels, making them resolution-dependent and best used for creating photos.

Another difference between raster and vector data is that raster data represents data in cells or in a grid matrix whereas vector data represents data using sequential points or vertices.

Raster data consists of pixels. Each pixel has an associated value. A grid of cells represents this data. In other words, it is a matrix of cells organized into rows and columns. Each cell has a value that represents information. Chemical concentrations and elevation surface are some examples of raster data.

Raster data is simple. They are easier to simulate as all the cells are of the same size and same shape. On the other hand, raster data can cause information loss. It can also be difficult to establish network linkages. Moreover, if there is no special hardware or algorithms, the projection transformations can be time-consuming.

Vector data uses sequential points or vertices to represent data. Each vertex contains an x coordinate and a y coordinate. Administrative borders, linear features, roads, and rivers are some examples of vector data. Moreover, vector data display latitude and longitude using lines, points, polygons, etc.

Vector data provides multiple advantages. It helps to describe the entire topology. It also helps to represent accurate graphics. Moreover, it is also possible to generalize and update raster data. However, it is a complex data structure. It is difficult to simulate them as each unit has a different topological form. Furthermore, it can be expensive to display high-quality colors.

Temperature, air pressure, soil PH, ecotones, elevation, flow, and distance are some examples of raster data. However, administrative borders, linear features, roads, and rivers are some examples of vector data.

Raster data and vector data are two types of spatial data in GIS. The main difference between Raster and Vector Data is that the raster data represents data as a cell or a grid matrix while vector data represents data using sequential points or vertices.